Inganda nini mu Rwanda
U Rwanda ni igihugu cya Afurika gifite ubukungu bwihuta cyane. Ahagana mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20, ubukungu bw'u Rwanda bwagize ingaruka zikomeye bitewe na jenoside yahungabanije igihugu. Mbere ya jenoside, ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwagize iterambere rikomeye, kandi nyuma ya jenoside, guverinoma yashyizeho politiki nyinshi kugira ngo iki gihugu kigere ku nzira yo kuzamuka mu bukungu. Politiki ya guverinoma y'u Rwanda yemezaga ko umutungo kamere w'igihugu ukoreshwa mu buryo buhagije mu kuzamura ubukungu bw'igihugu. Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda bushingiye ku nganda nyinshi nk'ubuhinzi, ubukerarugendo, n'inganda za sima mu zindi.[1][2][3][4][5]
Ubukerarugendo
hinduraHafi yikinyejana cya 21, inganda zubukerarugendo mu Rwanda nimwe mu nganda zikomeye mu gihugu. Nk’uko
byatangajwe na guverinoma y'u Rwanda [6]mu mwaka wa 2010, abantu barenga 660.000 basuye iki gihugu. Muri icyo gihe, inganda z’ubukerarugendo zinjije igihugu amafaranga arenga miliyoni 200 z'amadolari y’Amerika akaba yariyongereyeho hafi 14% bivuye ku musaruro w’umurenge mu 2009. Muri 2017, urwego rw’ubukerarugendo rwatanze hafi 13% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu kandi ukoresha abarenga 130.000. abantu. Nyuma ya jenoside, guverinoma y'u Rwanda yakoze ibishoboka byose ngo iteze imbere igihugu nk'ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa ku isi. Imwe mu ngamba guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizeho mu rwego rwo kuzamura urwego rw'ubukerarugendo bw'igihugu ni ugufatanya na Arsenal, ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru yo mu Bwongereza. Amasezerano hagati yu Rwanda na Arsenal azamara imyaka itatu, kandi iki gihugu kizashobora kwifashisha icyamamare muri Arsenal ku isi hose kugira ngo ba mukerarugendo basuye iki gihugu. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yatangaje ko kubera amasezerano yagiranye na Arsenal, abashyitsi baturutse mu Bwongereza bariyongereyeho hejuru ya 20%. Ba mukerarugendo bakurura cyane u Rwanda n’ibinyabuzima byo muri iki gihugu, cyane cyane imvubu n’ingagi zo mu misozi. Mu Rwanda hashyizweho amahoteri menshi mpuzamahanga mu rwego rwo kwifashisha umubare munini wa ba mukerarugendo basura iki gihugu.
Ubuhinzi
hinduraUrundi ruganda rukomeye mu Rwanda ni ubuhinzi bwatanze hafi 33% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu mu mwaka wa
2012. Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yagereranije ko abakozi barenga 90% by’abakozi bagize uruhare mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi. Akamaro k'ubuhinzi bw'u Rwanda gashobora guterwa no kuba hafi 60% by'ubutaka bw'igihugu gifite ubutaka burumbuka. Abahinzi bo mu Rwanda bahinga ibihingwa bitandukanye nka pyrethrum, ikawa, n'icyayi bigenewe cyane cyane ku isoko ryohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, hamwe na millet, amasaka n'ibijumba bigurishwa cyane cyane mu karere. Ikawa ni kimwe mu bihingwa by’ubucuruzi by’u Rwanda kubera ko imiryango irenga 500.000 iterwa nayo kugirango ibeho.
Uburobyi
hindura
Nubwo u Rwanda ari igihugu kidafite inkombe, uburobyi buracyari kimwe mubikorwa byingenzi bikorerwa mu gihugu.
y'u Rwanda yagereranije ko inganda z'uburobyi zakoresheje abantu barenga 200.000 mu mirimo itandukanye nko kuroba no gutunganya amafi. Bumwe mu bwoko bw'amafi akunze kugaragara muri iki gihugu harimo Nili Tilapiya, sardine ya Tanganyika, na barbus. Uburobyi mu Rwanda bukorerwa cyane cyane mu kiyaga cya Kivu, ikiyaga cya kilometero kare 1.040 u Rwanda rusangiye na DRC. Utundi turere two mu Rwanda ahakorerwa uburobyi harimo ikiyaga cya Mugesera n'ikiyaga cya Muhazi. Ishami rishinzwe uburobyi mu Rwanda ryagereranije ko uburobyi bwo mu gasozi butanga hafi toni 9000 z'amafi buri mwaka. Mu myaka yashize, abarobyi bo mu Rwanda batangiye kwitoza ubworozi bw'amafi nk'uko guverinoma y'u Rwanda yatanze toni 4000 z'amafi muri iki gihugu.
Ubucukuzi
hinduraRumwe mu nganda zikomeye z’u Rwanda n’inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro zinjije igihugu hafi miliyoni 68 z'amadolari
mu mwaka wa 2010. Amwe mu mabuye y'agaciro mu Rwanda arimo amabati na tungsten. Amabuye y'agaciro menshi yo mu Rwanda agurishwa mu bindi bihugu, kandi mu mwaka wa 2010 bangana na 15% by'ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Mu mwaka wa 2010, amabuye y'agaciro akomeye mu Rwanda yari amabuye y'agaciro kuko yinjije igihugu miliyoni 42.2 z'amadolari. Coltan yinjije igihugu miliyoni 18.48 z'amadolari mu gihe amabuye ya tungsten yinjije igihugu miliyoni 7.1. Ikirombe gikomeye cyane mu Rwanda ni ikirombe cya Rutongo gitanga toni zirenga 100 z'amabati buri kwezi.
Amashanyarazi
hinduraRumwe mu nganda zikomeye z’u Rwanda ni kubyara ingufu, hakoreshwa ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo ingufu
nyinshi zikenerwa mu gihugu. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yagereranije ko mu 2016, amashanyarazi arenga 50% yakoreshejwe mu gihugu yavuye mu mashanyarazi. Sitasiyo ya Nyarobongo na Sitasiyo ya Rukarara ni imwe mu mishinga ikomeye y’amashanyarazi mu Rwanda. Imirasire y'izuba nayo ni imwe mu nkomoko y'ingufu z'u Rwanda kuva yakoreshejwe mu gutanga amashanyarazi arenga 8% akoreshwa mu gihugu.
Inzitizi m'ubukungu bw'u Rwanda
hinduraImwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye zugarije ubukungu bw’u Rwanda ni umubare munini w’abashomeri mu gihugu wari ku gipimo cya 16.7% muri 2017. Indi mbogamizi ikomeye ihura n’ubukungu bw’u Rwanda ni abakozi badafite ubumenyi buhagije kuko umubare munini w’abantu bahunze igihugu nyuma ya jenoside.
Indanganturo
hindura- ↑ https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-biggest-industries-in-rwanda.html
- ↑ https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/rwanda-market-overview#:~:text=Leading%20sectors%20include%20energy%2C%20agriculture,and%20heavily%20dependent%20on%20agriculture.
- ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Rwanda
- ↑ https://rdb.rw/export/export/products-directory/manufacturing-sector/
- ↑ https://rwandatrade.work/top-10-industries/
- ↑ https://www.gov.rw/highlights/economy-and-business