Braille e-book
Igitabo cya e-braille nigitabo gishobora kuvugururwa cyerekana amashanyarazi ukoresheje amashanyarazi cyangwa ibishashara bishyushye aho kuba imashini zikoreshwa kugirango uzamure utudomo twerekana. Nubwo bidasanzwe bihenze, kubera igipimo gito cy'umusaruro ntibagaragaye ko ari ubukungu.
Umusaruro hindura
Ibitabo bimwe na bimwe e- bitangirwa icyarimwe hamwe nuburyo bwo gucapa, nkuko byasobanuwe mubitabo bya elegitoroniki .
Ibitabo bya Braille byabanje kwandikwa mu mpapuro, hamwe n’imashini yandika ya Perkins Brailler, imashini yahimbwe mu 1951, inonosorwa mu 2008, ubundi buryo bwo gukora ibitabo bya braille byari hamwe nicapiro rya braille cyangwa ibishushanyo . Muri 2011, David S. Morgan yakoze imashini ya mbere ya SMART Brailler, yongeweho inyandiko kumikorere yo kuvuga kandi yemerera gufata imibare yamakuru yinjiye.
Mu 1960, Robert Mann, umwarimu muri MIT, yanditse DOTSYS, porogaramu yemerera guhinduranya mu buryo bwikora, kandi irindi tsinda ryakoze igikoresho cyo gushushanya cyitwa "MIT Braillemboss." Itsinda rya Miter Corporation rya Robert Gildea, Jonathan Millen, Reid Gerhart na Joseph Sullivan (ubu ni perezida wa Duxbury Systems) bakoze DOTSYS III, umusemuzi wa mbere w’inyandiko yanditswe mu rurimi rwimikorere. DOTSYS III yatunganijwe kumashuri ya leta ya Atlanta nka gahunda rusange . [1] [2] [3] Abahinduzi ba Braille bemeye guhita bakora inyandiko ya braille cyangwa ibitabo bivuye mumyandikire mucyanditswe cya Braille bitabaye ngombwa ko bandika ibitabo bya braille mumashini yandika, ariko baracyakenera ibishushanyo mbonera kugirango babone ibitabo, iyi ntambwe yanyuma ntabwo ikenewe mugihe e-igitabo gisomwe muri igitabo cya e-igitabo.
Iterambere ry'ubucuruzi hindura
Igishushanyo mbonera cya koreya cyasohowe mu 2009 na Yanko Design cyashimishije abantu. [4] [5] [6] Igishushanyo mbonera cy’Abongereza cyiswe "Anagraphs" cyashinzwe mu 2013, [7] ariko inkunga yatanzwe n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi yararangiye mbere yuko izanwa mu musaruro. [8]
Igitabo cya Braille ebook / tablet cyari giteganijwe gusohoka kugirango kigure mu gihembwe cya 4 cya 2016 na sosiyete yo muri Otirishiya Blitab. Byari biteganijwe ko igiciro kiri munsi ya $ 3000 US $. As of February 2019 isosiyete yatumiye abantu kwiyandikisha nka "Ikizamini", hamwe n’ibisobanuro, "Ba umwe mu ba mbere bakoraho kandi bakumva ejo hazaza h’amayeri manini ya Braille yerekana." [9]
Muri 2018, isosiyete yo mu Budage Metec yashyize ahagaragara E-Book ya Braille, itandukanye n’abayibanjirije, ifite umurima wa 120 x 97 mm, ishobora kwakira imirongo umunani yinyuguti 16 imwe. Iki gikoresho cyemerera abakoresha impumyi kwiga ibishushanyo namakarita ya geografiya muburyo bworoshye. Igiciro cyigikoresho ni 13.800 € (muri 2019). [10] Kuva icyo gihe ifite ibice bibiri byiterambere harimo ingano yerekana, ubu igera kuri 260 x 150 mm.
Muri 2019, Ubushakashatsi bwa Orbit hamwe n’icapiro ry’Abanyamerika ryita ku batabona ryasohoye igitabo cyitwa e-book Graphiti, cyemerera impumyi gushakisha amakuru ashushanyije. Amanota 2,400 azamuka mu burebure butandukanye arashobora kohereza amakarita ya topografiya nibindi bintu bishushanyije nkigicucu namabara. Igikoresho kirimo kandi umunani-urufunguzo rwa braille kugirango wandike inyandiko. Igiciro cyigikoresho ni $ 24,666 (muri 2021). [11]
Muri 2020, gutangiza injeniyeri 4Blind, Inc. kuva i Boston yakoze e-book tactile yitwa Braille Pad. Iyi ni tablet ya santimetero 8 (irimo pigiseli 3249 ya tactile) ifite kamera yubatswe, itanga uburyo bwo kubona amashusho yose ashushanyije (amakarita, ibishushanyo, nibindi), kandi ikanemerera uyikoresha gufata amafoto hamwe nogukwirakwiza amayeri ako kanya. [12]
Reba kandi hindura
Ishakiro hindura
- ↑ Braille Translation System for the IBM 704 by Ann S. Schack and R.T. Mertz, 1961 retrieved 3/30/2016
- ↑ Computer Translation: Grade 2 from Print; Report of American Printing House of the Blind, by Ann Schack, et al., June 1969 retrieved 3/30/2016
- ↑ History of Duxbury Systems, retrieved 3/29/2012
- ↑ Bar-Cohen, Yoseph (11 September 2009). "Electroactive polymers for refreshable Braille displays". SPIE.
- ↑ "Braille E-Book Concept". TechFresh. 17 April 2009. Archived from the original on 5 August 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
- ↑ Yanko Design Website
- ↑ "Anagraphs: Electronic Braille reader that hooks on to mobile devices". Archived from the original on 2015-02-27. Retrieved 2015-02-27.
- ↑ Braille e-books: Why can't you buy a budget e-reader? BBC News, 8 May 2014
- ↑ BLITAB website, "Contact us" section, accessed 2019-02-13.
- ↑ "Two-dimensional, touch-sensitive graphic displays - metec AG". www.metec-ag.de. Retrieved 2021-09-03.
- ↑ "Graphiti® - a Breakthrough in Non-Visual Access to All Forms of Graphical Information". Orbit Research (in American English). Retrieved 2021-09-03.
- ↑ "Braille PAD". 4Blind (in Icyongereza). Retrieved 2021-09-10.