Perkins Brailler
Perkins Brailler ni "imashini yandika" ya braille "ifite urufunguzo ruhuye na buri kadomo dutandatu kode ya braille, urufunguzo rwumwanya, urufunguzo rwinyuma, nurufunguzo rwumurongo. Kimwe nimyandikire yintoki, ifite impande ebyiri kugirango utere imbere impapuro ukoresheje imashini hamwe nigikoresho cyo kugaruka hejuru yimfunguzo. Ibizingo bifata kandi bigateza imbere impapuro bifite ibinono byabugenewe kugirango birinde guhonyora utudomo twazamuye brailler akora.
Nubwo inyandiko ya braille yagenewe abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona cyangwa abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona gusoma, mbere yo kumenyekanisha Perkins Brailler, kwandika braille byari inzira itoroshye. Abanditsi ba Braille bakoze inyuguti za braille hamwe na stylus na plate (nkuko byakozwe na Louis Braille ) cyangwa bakoresheje imwe mumashini yandika ya brille igoye, ihenze, kandi yoroshye yaboneka muricyo gihe.
Amateka hindura
Imashini yambere yandika Braille yatanzwe na Frank Haven Hall mu 1892. [1]
Umwimerere wa Perkins Brailler yakozwe mu 1951 [2] na David Abraham (1896–1978), umwarimu ukora ibiti mu ishuri rya Perkins ry’impumyi utanyuzwe n’ibibazo by’ikoranabuhanga risanzweho. [3] Umuyobozi w'ishuri rya Perkins ry’abatabona, Gabriel Farrell, yasabye Abraham gukora imashini ihendutse kandi yizewe kugira ngo abanyeshuri bandike byoroshye. Farrell na Abraham bakoranye na Edward Waterhouse, wari umwarimu w’imibare muri Perkins, kugirango bakore igishushanyo cya Brailler.
Muri 2008, hashyizweho verisiyo yoroshye kandi ituje. Harimo kandi gusiba urufunguzo hamwe nigikoresho cyo gutwara. Umunyamideli mushya yatsindiye igihembo cya silver muri International Design Excellence Awards 2009. [4]
Gushyira impapuro bigerwaho no kuzunguza impapuro kurugoma rwimbere, kurikingura mugihe umukoresha akanze urufunguzo rwo kugaburira umurongo, no gukoresha guhunga nkisaha kugirango yimure igare ryanditseho impapuro. Sisitemu ya cam esheshatu zigizwe ninkoni hamwe na kare kwambukiranya igice cyohereza urufunguzo kuri stili isa na wire iri muri gare. Ubworoherane buri hafi, kandi kubaka umwanda wamavuta hamwe no gukoresha bisanzwe bisaba koza buri gihe kandi bigahinduka.
SMART Brailler hindura
Imiterere mishya ya Perkins Brailler, SMART Brailler, yahimbwe na David S. Morgan isohoka mu 2011. SMART Brailler ishingiye kubikorwa byubukanishi bwa kera bwa Perkins Brailler, kandi, iyo bidafite imbaraga, birakorwa nka Brailler isanzwe. SMART Brailler ikubiyemo ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata imashini ishushanya, kandi, iyo ikoreshejwe imbaraga, ikongeramo ibitekerezo-by-amajwi byerekana amajwi hamwe na sisitemu ya digitale kugirango ikoreshwe nabafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. [5] Porogaramu ya SMART Brailler ikubiyemo imvugo y’indimi nyinshi hamwe n’inkunga ya Braille, harimo Icyongereza, Ubwongereza Icyongereza, Icyarabu, Igifaransa, Ikidage, Ubutaliyani, Igiporutugali, Igipolonye, Ikirusiya, na Turukiya. [6]
Abakoresha braille hindura
Hamwe na mudasobwa ziza, abakoresha benshi bakora ibisohoka mu nyandiko bakoresheje mudasobwa hamwe nudusanduku twa braille duhujwe na mudasobwa. Abakoresha ubumuga bwo kutabona barashobora gusoma ecran ya mudasobwa ukoresheje porogaramu ya mudasobwa ya mudasobwa na / cyangwa kwerekana braille . Abakoresha sisitemu nkiyi barashobora gukoresha clavier ya mudasobwa muburyo busanzwe bwo kwandika cyangwa barashobora gukoresha umushoferi udasanzwe wa clavier yemerera urufunguzo rutandatu sdf-jkl gukoreshwa nkigikoresho cyinjira muri braille gisa na Perkins Brailler.
Kwandika kuri Braille hindura
Abakoresha benshi bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bakoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byifashishwa byandika byemerera clavier kwinjira muri braille ukoresheje imiterere-6 yingenzi ya Perkins Brailler hamwe nibisohoka mumvugo ikomatanyije hamwe na / cyangwa umurongo umwe cyangwa ibiri kumurongo ushobora kuvugururwa ugizwe na pine ntoya ikozwe ibyuma na plastiki.
Notetakers ikubiyemo ibiranga PDA nkigitabo cya aderesi na calculatrice. Kuberako ibice byinshi byimuka hamwe nuburyo bworoshye bwa braille yerekana ibidukikije, notetakers mubisanzwe bihenze cyane. Byangiritse byoroshye kandi bigomba gusubizwa mugihugu bakomokamo kugirango bisukure buri gihe.
Reba kandi hindura
Ishakiro hindura
- ↑ "Hall braille typewriter".
- ↑ "Perkins School for the Blind Timeline". Archived from the original on October 20, 2011. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 28, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2019.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkins_Brailler#cite_note-4
- ↑ "Perkins - Features & Benefits". Archived from the original on September 21, 2012.
- ↑ "Perkins - the Perkins SMART Brailler®". www.perkinssmartbrailler.org. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2022.