Skilcraft
Ubuhanga, bukunze kwitwa SKILCRAFT, n'izina ry'ubucuruzi ryanditswe nakampani y'inganda z'igihugu zita ku bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona (NIB). [1] Ibicuruzwa byakozwe na Skilcraft byakozwe ahanini n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona cyangwa abamugaye cyane. Ibicuruzwa bifite ikirango cya Skilcraft bikoreshwa cyane mu bigo bya leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika, harimo n’amaposita yo muri Amerika . Bakunze kugurishwa no guhanahana ibirindiro bya gisirikare muri Amerika hamwe na ba komiseri.
Amateka
hinduraMu mwaka 1938, Perezida Roosevelt yashyize umukono ku itegeko rya Wagner-O'Day ryategekaga guverinoma kugura ibicuruzwa byakozwe n'Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. [3] Robert Irwin, wari umuyobozi mukuru wa Fondasiyo y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, na Peter Salmon, umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe uruganda rw’abatabona, bateje imbere umushinga w'itegeko i Washington, DC [3] Iki gikorwa cyahaye imiryango idaharanira inyungu w'abafite ubumuga ubushobozi bwo kugurisha leta nkuru . [4] Yatanze kandi ishyirwaho rya komite izwi ku izina rya komite ishinzwe kugura ibicuruzwa bikozwe n’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, yari yashyizeho abanyamuryango bahagarariye amashami atandukanye ya leta ndetse n’abenegihugu. [5]
Uruganda rw’igihugu rw’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona (NIB) rwashyizweho nk’umuryango udaharanira inyungu ku ya 10 Kanama mu mwaka 1938, [1] kandi washinzwe biturutse ku itegeko rya Javits-Wagner-O'Day (JWOD). NIB ifasha guhuza amabwiriza no gutanga amabwiriza mu mahugurwa atandukanye kubafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Perezida wa mbere wa NIB ni Chester C. Kleber, wagize uwo mwanya kugeza mu mwaka 1960. [9]
Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Komite ishinzwe kugura ibicuruzwa byakozwe n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona yemeje ko NIB igomba gutangira kugurisha ku masoko y’ubucuruzi. [10] Mu mwaka 1952, [2] NIB yashyizeho izina ry'ikirango, Skilcraft, ryakoze ikirango kimwe kandi gishimangira ubwiza bw'ibicuruzwa. [12] Izina ry'ikirango kandi ryemereye isosiyete kurushaho gushobora kwaguka ku masoko y'ubucuruzi.
Kugeza mu mwaka 1960, NIB yari ifite amahugurwa 62 yishamikiyeho. [12] Mu mwaka 1970, abakozi bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona b'abirabura bagiye mu myigaragambyo ku ruganda rwa Skilcraft i Greensboro, muri Karoline y'Amajyaruguru, bavuga ko akazi gakomeye,ni ivangura n'umushahara muto.
Mu 1971, Senateri Jacob Javits yashyizeho amategeko yongerera iki gikorwa "abantu bafite ubumuga bukomeye". [15] JWOD kandi yahaye amahugurwa abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona "imyaka itanu y'ibanze kumasezerano ya serivisi". [16] JWOD yashyizeho kandi komite, ishinzwe kugura abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona cyangwa abamugaye cyane. Iyi komite yabaga igizwe n’abanyamuryango 15 bashyirwaho na perezida, buri muntu ku giti cye akaba ahagarariye ibigo bitandukanye bya leta. [15] Komite kandi yari ifite ingengo y'imari, nkuko byasobanuwe na JWOD. [16]
Komite ishinzwe kugura yashyizeho NIB n’inganda z’igihugu z’abafite ubumuga bukomeye ( NISH ) kuba imiryango ibiri yo hagati, idaharanira inyungu ihuza ibikorwa bya leta n’imiryango amagana yigenga ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona cyangwa abamugaye cyane. [17]
Kugeza mu mwaka 1998, hari ibigo 85 byari bifitanye isano na NIB. [3]
Ibicuruzwa by'ubuhanga
hindura
Ibicuruzwa bya mbere byakozwe muri gahunda ni mope na sima byo gusukura ibiro bya leta. Guverinoma ya federasiyo yatanze amadorari agera ku 220.000 y’amasezerano mu mahugurwa 36 yo gukora mope na sima. [20] Kugeza mu mwaka 1939, NIB yagiye igurisha imisego, isuku, hamwe na matela y'umuryango. [21]
Nyuma, amakaramu n'ibikoresho byo mu biro byatangijwe. NIB yari guha leta amakaramu miliyoni 70 mu mwaka wa 1969. [23] Ikaramu ifite ibyo isabwa bimwe, birimo ubushobozi bwo "kwandika ubudahwema kilometero imwe no mu bushyuhe bugera kuri dogere 160 no munsi ya dogere 40 munsi ya zeru." [4] Amasezerano yikaramu yafashije guhanga imirimo kubakozi bashya 125 bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Kugeza mu mwaka 2014, kugurisha amakaramu byageze kuri miliyoni eshanu z'amadolari, hamwe 60% byaguzwe n'abasirikare ba Amerika . [2]
Mu mwaka 1990, hari ibintu 400 bitandukanye byongewe kurutonde rw'ibintu byakozwe. [25] Muri 2015, Skilcraft yazanye umurongo mushya wibicuruzwa birimo screwdrivers na sock wrenches .
Uyu munsi, izina rya Skilcraft rikubiyemo ibicuruzwa birenga 3.500 birimo ibikoresho byo mu biro, ibikoresho by'isuku, imyenda ya iniforume, n'ibikoresho byo bohereza mu bitaro . [5] Skilcraft kandi ifite serivisi, nko guhamagara byoroshye, hashingiwe ku masezerano ku bigo bya leta. [5]
Gukoresha abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona
hinduraHafi ya 70% by'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona muri Amerika bafite imyaka yo gukora ni abashomeri. [5] Kubasha gukora bituma abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bashobora kwibeshaho kandi bashobora gufasha abandi. Ubucuruzi bwa Skilcraft bufasha gukoresha Abanyamerika barenga 5.000 batabona bakorera ibigo byaho muri leta 44. Abashoramari bakora ikirango cya Skilcraft, nka Lighthouse kubatabona barashobora guhemba abakozi babo hagati y $ 8 na $ 12 kumasaha, batanga ubwishingizi bwubuzima hamwe na 401 (k) .
Reba kandi
hindura- Javits - Wagner - O'Day Itegeko
- ↑ "History". National Industries for the Blind (in Icyongereza). Archived from the original on 2017-03-24. Retrieved 2017-03-23.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 : 140.
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