Ubumuga
Ubumuga: nubunararibonye bwibintu byose bituma bigora cyane umuntu gukora ibikorwa runaka cyangwa kugira uburenganzira bungana mumuryango runaka. Ubumuga bushobora kuba ubwenge, iterambere, ubwenge, ubwenge, umubiri, ibyiyumvo, cyangwa guhuza ibintu byinshi. Ubumuga burashobora kuboneka kuva akivuka cyangwa burashobora kuboneka mubuzima bwumuntu. Amateka, ubumuga bwamenyekanye gusa hashingiwe ku ngingo ngufi-ariko, ubumuga ntabwo ari binary kandi burashobora kuboneka mubiranga bidasanzwe bitewe numuntu ku giti cye. Ubumuga bushobora kugaragara byoroshye, cyangwa butagaragara muri kamere.
Amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga asobanura ubumuga nka: ubumuga bwigihe kirekire bwumubiri, ubwenge, ubwenge cyangwa ibyumviro bishobora gukorana nimbogamizi zitandukanye bishobora kubangamira uruhare rwumuntu kandi rukomeye muri societe muburyo bungana nabandi. Ubumuga bwagaragaye mu buryo butandukanye mu mateka, binyuze mu buryo butandukanye. Hariho uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bugerageza gusobanura ubumuga muri societe yacu: icyitegererezo cyubuvuzi nicyitegererezo cyimibereho . Icyitegererezo cyubuvuzi gikora nkuburyo bufatika bufata ubumuga nkubuvuzi butifuzwa busaba ubuvuzi bwihariye. Avuga ku buryo bw'ubuvuzi bakunda kwibanda ku gushakisha intandaro y'ubumuga, kimwe no gukira - nk'ikoranabuhanga rifasha. Icyitegererezo cy’imibereho ishingiye ku bumuga nk’imbogamizi zashyizweho na sosiyete ku bantu badafite ubushobozi nkubwinshi bwabaturage. Nubwo icyitegererezo cyubuvuzi nicyitegererezo cyimibereho aribwo buryo bukunze kugaragara kubumuga, hariho izindi moderi nyinshi zerekana ubumuga.
Hariho amagambo menshi asobanura ibintu byubumuga. Nubwo amagambo amwe abaho gusa kugirango asobanure ibintu bijyanye n'ubumuga, andi yibanze ku gupfobya no guha akato ababana n'ubumuga. Amagambo amwe afite ibisobanuro bibi kuburyo bifatwa nkibitutsi. Ingingo iriho ubu ni ukumenya niba bikwiye gukoresha ururimi-rwambere rwumuntu (nukuvuga umuntu wamugaye) cyangwa ururimi-rwambere (nukuvuga abamugaye) mugihe bivuga ubumuga numuntu kugiti cye.
Bitewe no guhezwa kw'abafite ubumuga, habaye impamvu nyinshi ziharanira inyungu zita ku mibereho iboneye no kugera muri sosiyete. Abaharanira ubumuga baharaniye kubona uburenganzira bungana kandi buringaniye hakurikijwe amategeko - nubwo hakiri ibibazo bya politiki bifasha cyangwa biteza imbere gukandamiza abamugaye. Nubwo ibikorwa byubumuga bigira uruhare mu gusenya sisitemu yabishoboye, amahame mbonezamubano ajyanye no kumva ubumuga akenshi ashimangirwa na trop zikoreshwa n'itangazamakuru. Kubera ko imyumvire mibi y’ubumuga ikwirakwira muri sosiyete igezweho, abamugaye bitabaje kwivuganira bagerageza gusubiza inyuma ihohoterwa ryabo. Kumenyekanisha ubumuga nkindangamuntu ibaho mu buryo butandukanye ishingiye ku zindi ndangamuntu zinyuranye z'umuntu ku giti cye ni imwe ikunze kugaragazwa nabafite ubumuga bunganira. Guha akato ubumuga kuva muri societe rusange byatanze amahirwe yumuco wubumuga. Mu gihe abaharanira ubumuga bakomeje guteza imbere kwinjiza abamugaye muri sosiyete rusange, hashyizweho ahantu henshi h’abafite ubumuga hagamijwe guteza imbere umuryango w’abafite ubumuga - nko mu buhanzi, imbuga nkoranyambaga, na siporo.
Amateka
hindura
Gusobanukirwa ubumuga bwa none biva mubitekerezo byavutse mugihe cyo kumurikirwa siyanse muburengerazuba; mbere yo Kumurikirwa, itandukaniro ryumubiri ryarebwaga binyuze mumurongo utandukanye. [1]
Hariho ibimenyetso byabantu mugihe cyabanjirije amateka yita kubantu bafite ubumuga. Kuri Archeologiya ya Windover, imwe muri skelet yari umugabo wimyaka 15 ufite spina bifida . Imiterere yashakaga kuvuga ko umuhungu, ushobora kuba yaramugaye munsi yikibuno, yitaweho mumuryango uhiga abahigi. [2] [3]
Ubumuga ntibwabonwaga nk'uburyo bwo guhanwa n'Imana bityo abamugaye ntibatsembwe cyangwa ngo bavangwe kubera ubumuga bwabo. Benshi ahubwo bakoreshwaga mu nzego zitandukanye z'umuryango wa Mezopotamiya harimo no gukora mu nsengero z'idini nk'abakozi b'imana. [4]
Muri Egiputa ya kera, abakozi bakundaga gukoreshwa muri sosiyete. Ikoreshwa rusange kuri bo kwari kubantu bakuze bafite ubumuga kubafasha kugenda. [5]
- ↑ Moore, Michael (January 2015). "Religious Attitudes toward the Disabled (2015)". infidels.org. The Secular Web. Archived from the original on May 4, 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ↑ . p. 25.
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{{cite book}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ : 429–450.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help); Missing or empty|title=(help) - ↑ : 450–454.
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