Paludisme
Malariya cyangwa malariya, nanone yitwa " umuriro wo mu gishanga ni indwara yandura iterwa na parasite yo mu bwoko bwa Plasmodium, ikwirakwizwa no kurumwa n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'imibu ya Anopheles.
Muri 229 millions n’abarwayi 409 000 décès muri 2019 [1], malariya ikomeje kuba parasitose ikomeye kandi yibasira cyane cyane abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu n’abagore batwite. 95 % by'imanza zanditswe mu bihugu makumyabiri n'icyenda, cyane cyane muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara (27) % muri Nijeriya, 12 % muri DR Congo, 5 % muri Uganda, 4 % muri Mozambike ) [1] ( cf. igice kirambuye : “ Epidemiologiya ").
Indwara ya malariya yandura cyane cyane nijoro iyo irumwe n'umubu w'igitsina gore wo mu bwoko bwa Anopheles, ubwayo yanduye nyuma yo kuruma umuntu urwaye malariya. Parasite yanduza selile yumwijima yuwahohotewe hanyuma ikazenguruka mumaraso, ikoroniza erythrocytes (erythrocytes cyangwa selile yamaraso itukura) ikabasenya.
Etymology
hinduraIjambo malariya riva mu kilatini palus, " igishanga » [2] .Ijambo malariya rikomoka kuri mal'aria yo mu Butaliyani, " umwuka mubi » [3] . Iri jambo rikoreshwa cyane ku isi, cyane cyane abavuga Icyongereza n'Igitaliyani [4] .