Itungo
Itungo (ubuke : Amatungo )
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Intama n’ihene
hindura
Ihene n’intama zifatwa nk’inka z’abakene kubera ko zitanga inyama, amata , impu n’imyenda bihagije ku byo umworozi aba acyeneye iwe, binashobotse akaba yasagurira isoko kubisigaye. Hari impamvu nyinshi ziri nyamanswa ziboneye kurusha inka k’uborozi bato. Zirahendutse muu kuzigura kandi kuzibona ziroroshye kurusha inka.
- zibyara vuba, kandi kenshi n’abana benshi
Ingurube - zimenyereza byoroshye ku myaka no kuyandi matungo
- ubuto bwazo butuma byorohera abagore n’abana kuzicunga.
Aya matungo kandi atuma uzigama ukaninjiza muburyo bworoshye. Aho aborozi batagera ku ma banki, ihene n’intama ni ishoramari ribarinda kugwa mu bukene.
Amoko y’amatungo
hindura| Amoko | Itariki | Ahantu | Purpose |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imbwa (Canis lupus familiaris) |
15,000 BC [1] | Afurika y’uburasizuba | hunting, shepherding, herding, companionship, pest control, inyama, transportation |
| Intama (Ovis orientalis aries) |
between 11,000 BC and 9000 BC[2][3] | Southwest Asia | wool, inyama, amata, leather, vellum |
| Ingurube (Sus scrofa domestica) |
9000 BC[4] | Near East, Ubushinwa | inyama, leather, companionship |
| Ihene (Capra aegagrus hircus) |
8000 BC [5] | Irani | amata, inyama |
| Inka (Bos primigenius taurus) captive-bred |
8000 BC[6][7] | Ubuhinde, Middle East na Sub-Saharan Africa | inyama, amata, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |
| Zebu (Bos primigenius indicus) |
8000 BC | Ubuhinde | inyama, amata, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |
| Injangwe (Felis silvestris catus) |
7500 BC [8][9][10][11] | Near East | pest control, companionship |
| Inkoko (Gallus gallus domesticus) |
6000 BC[12] | Ubuhinde and Southeast Asia | inyama, amagi, feathers |
| Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) |
5000 BC[13] | Peru | inyama, companionship |
| Indogoba (Equus africanus asinus) |
5000 BC[14]<reseoger h, Inyandikorugero:PDFlink</ref> | Misiri | transportation, muscle, inyama |
| Igishuhe (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) |
4000 BC | Ubushinwa | inyama/fat |
| Water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) |
4000 BC | Ubuhinde, Ubushinwa | muscle, inyama, amata |
| Uruyuki (Apis spp.) |
4000 BC | Multiple places | honey, pollination, inyama |
| Ifarashi (Equus ferus caballus) |
4000 BC[15] | Eurasian Steppes | inyama, transportation, muscle, amata |
| Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) |
4000 BC | Arabiya | transportation, muscle, amata, inyama |
| Silkworm (Bombyx mori) |
3000 BC | Ubushinwa | silk, companionship |
| Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) |
3000 BC [16] | Uburusiya | inyama, amata, muscle, antlers |
| Rock pigeon (Columba livia) |
3000 BC | Mediterranean Basin | show, messenger, inyama |
| Goose (Anser anser domesticus) |
3000 BC [17] | Misiri | inyama/fat, feathers, guarding |
| Yak (Bos grunniens) |
2500 BC | Tibeti | amata, muscle, inyama, wool |
| Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) |
2500 BC | Central Asia | amata, transportation, inyama |
| Lama (Lama glama) |
2400 BC [18] | Peru | transportation, muscle, inyama |
| Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) |
2400 BC [18] | Peru | amata, transportation, wool, inyama |
| Guineafowl (Numida meleagris) |
2400 BC [19] | Afurika | inyama, amagi |
| Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus) |
2000 BC | Pakisitani | muscle, transportation |
| Ferret (Mustela putorius furo) |
1500 BC | Burayi | hunting, companionship |
| Fancy mouse (Mus musculus) |
1100 BC | Ubushinwa | companionship |
| Fallow Deer (Dama dama) |
1000 BC | Mediterranean Basin | inyama, antlers |
| Muscovy Duck (Cairina moschata) |
700–600 BC [18] | Amerika y’Epfo | inyama/fat |
| Cochineal Insect (Oactylopius coccus) |
700–500 BC [18] | Shili, Megizike | red dye |
| Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) |
500 BC | Ubuhinde | show, feathers, inyama |
| Barbary Dove (Streptopelia risoria) |
500 BC | North Africa | show |
| Banteng (Bos javanicus) |
Unknown | Southeast Asia, Java | inyama, amata, muscle |
| Gayal (Bos gaurus frontalis) |
Unknown | Southeast Asia | inyama, muscle |
| Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) |
Unknown | Ubushinwa | inyama, fat |
| Dendo (Meleagris gallopavo) |
180 AD [18] | Megizike, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika | inyama, feathers |
| Stingless Bee (Melipona beecheii) |
180 AD [18] | Megizike, Amazon Basin | honey |
| Goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) |
300–400 | Ubushinwa | companionship |
| Urukwavu (Oryctolagus cuniculus) |
600 [20] | Burayi | inyama, fur, felt, companionship |
| Mute Swan (Cygnus olor) |
1000–1500 | Burayi | |
| Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) |
1100–1900 | Ubuyapani | inyama |
| Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) |
1200–1500 | Burayi, East Asia | inyama, show (koi) |
| Canary (Serinus canaria) |
1600 | Canary Islands, Burayi | companionship |
| Fancy rat (Rattus norvegicus) |
19th century | Ubwongereza | companionship |
| Burayian Mink (Mustela lutreola) |
19th century | Burayi | fur |
| Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) |
1850s | Ositaraliya | companionship |
| Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) |
1870s | Ositaraliya | |
| Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) |
20th century | Ositaraliya | |
| Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) |
1930s | Siriya | companionship, research |
| Domesticated silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) |
1950s | Repubulika Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti | fur, research |
| Muskox (Ovibos moschatus) |
1960s | Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika | muscle, inyama, amata |
Notes
hindura- ↑ en:Origin of the domestic dog
- ↑ Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press
- ↑ Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC
- ↑ Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L (April 2000).
- ↑ Melinda A. Zeder, Goat busters track domestication (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.
- ↑ "Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt". Archived from the original on 2010-10-09. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ↑ Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [1], Inyandikorugero:Fr icon.
- ↑ [2], domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.
- ↑ "Oldest Known Pet Cat? 95DOGGIES00-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus". National Geographic News. 2004-04-08. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
- ↑ Muir, Hazel (2004-04-08). "Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat". New Scientist. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ↑ Walton, Marsha (April 9, 2004). "Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat". CNN. Archived from the original on 2007-12-22. Retrieved 2007-11-23.
- ↑ West B., Zhou B-X. (1989). "Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication" (PDF). World’s Poultry Science Journal. 45 (3): 205–18. doi:10.1079/WPS19890012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2004-07-29. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ↑ History of the Guinea Pig (Cavia porcellus) in Amerika y’Epfo, a summary of the current state of knowledge
- ↑ Beja-Pereira, Albano; et al. (18 June 2004). "African Origins of the Domestic Donkey". Science. 304 (1781).
{{cite journal}}: Cite uses deprecated parameter|lay-url=(help); Explicit use of et al. in:|author=(help); External link in|laysummary=|laysummary=ignored (|lay-url=suggested) (help) - ↑ The Domestication of the Horse; see also Domestication of the horse
- ↑ "Domestication of Reindeer". Archived from the original on 2009-03-16. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ↑ Geese: the underestimated species
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World
- ↑ "Guinea Fowl". Archived from the original on 2010-06-23. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ↑ "Interesting Rabbit Domestication History". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2011-04-03.