Amashyamba n'imihindagurukire y'Ikirere
Amashyamba yo mu Rwanda abarirwa ku buso bwa hegitari 724,695 zingana na 30.4% by’ubuso bwose bw’Igihugu nk’uko bitangazwa muri raporo ya vuba igaragaza ubutaka buriho amashyamba (Rwanda Forest Cover Mapping Report/2019) Muri ayo mashyamba 53% ni ayatewe, 21 ni aya cyimeza ari mu mukenke, 19% ni amashyamba ya cyimeza yo mu misozi ibonekamo imvura nyinshi mu gihe 6.2% ari ibihuru. Bimwe mu byagezweho muri Gahunda y’Igihugu y’Ubukungu Butangiza Ibidukikije, by’umwihariko mu mushinga urambye wo gutera ibiti no kubungabunga amashyamba ni ibi bikurikira[1]:
1.Ubuso bw'amashyamba
hinduraMu mwaka wa 2011, ni bwo u Rwanda rwihaye intego yo kugarura amashyamba kuri hegitari miliyoni ebyiri yahozeho akaba yarangijwe bitarenze mu 2020. Imbaraga u Rwanda rwashyize mu kubungabunga amashyamba ariho, gutera amashyamba mashya, kuvugurura amashyamba mu bice bitandukanye by’Igihugu no guharanira kugera ku ntego za Bonn Challenge ni byo byatumye u Rwanda rugera ku ntego yo kugira 30.4% by’ubuso bw’Igihugu buriho amashyamba. Izo nzego zifite akamaro gakomeye ko gushimangira uruhare rw’u Rwanda mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.[2]
2.Ibiti n’Umuganda
hinduraLeta y’u Rwanda yashoye akayabo mu gutera amashyamba mashya no kuyasubiza aho yari asanzwe binyuze muri gahunda ngarukamwaka yo gutera ibiti n’amashyamba. Nko mu gihembwe cy’umwaka wa 2020/2021 Abanyarwanda bateye ibiti miliyoni 25 byagize uruhare mu kuvugurura amashyamba muri gahunda yo guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Muri icyo gihembwe, hegitari 7,400 zateweho ibiti bisanzwe, izindi hegitari 900 zihingwaho ibiti mu mashyamba ya cyimeza ndetse haterwa n’ibiti byeraho imbuto 77,000. Hanavuguruwe hegitari 500 z’amashyamba ahingwamo ibiti bicanwamo amakara mu rwego rwo kongera umusaruro.[3]
3. Abikorera n'amashyamba
hinduraBinyuze muri gahunda y’Igihugu yo kwegurira abikorera ibikorwa bimwe, Leta y’u Rwanda yagiranye ubufatanye n’urwego rw’abikorera mu guharanira imicungire iboneye y’amashyamba ya Leta.[4]
4. Pariki ya Gishwati
hinduraU Rwanda ruherutse guhanga Pariki y’Igihugu ya Gishwati-Mukura, imwe muri Pariki nshya muri Afurika, mu rwego rwo kurinda amashyamba kimeza ya kera n’inguge ziyacumbitsemo.Iyo Pariki igizwe n’amashyamba abiri ari yo irinini rya Mukura n’irito rya Gishwati aherereye ku musozi ugabaya icyogogo cy imigezi ya Congo na Nili, agakurikira urwunge rw’ibibaya by’Albertine (Albertine Rift) bigizwe n’urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rutandukanye.[5]
5. Pariki y’Ibirunga
hinduraU Rwanda rwatangiye umushinga ukomeye wo kwagura Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga no guharanira ahazaza heza h’ingagi zo mu misozi zita mu rugo ishyamba ry’Ibirunga. Iyi gahunda y’imbonekarimwe igamije kwagura pariki ku kigero cya 23% ikiyongeraho kilometero kare 37.4, ubunini bwayo bukava kuri kilometero kare 160 bukagera kuri kilometero kare 197.4.[6]