Ubusinzi
Ubusinzi, muri rusange, ni kunywa inzoga zose zitera ibibazo bikomeye byubuzima bwo mumutwe cyangwa kumubiri. Kuberako hari ukutumvikana kubisobanuro byijambo ryubusinzi, ntabwo arikigo cyemewe cyo kwisuzumisha, kandi gukoresha imvugo yubusinzi buracika intege kubera ibisobanuro bisebanya cyane, usibye mugihe abantu bahisemo kwimenyekanisha ( urugero, muri Inzoga Zitazwi). Ibyiciro byingenzi byo kwisuzumisha ni indwara yo kunywa inzoga [2] (DSM-5) [4] cyangwa guterwa n'inzoga (ICD-11); ibi bisobanurwa aho bikomoka.
Ubusinzi
Kunywa inzoga nyinshi birashobora kwangiza sisitemu zose, ariko bigira ingaruka cyane cyane mubwonko, umutima, umwijima, pancreas na immunite. [4] Ubusinzi bushobora kuviramo uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, guhinda umushyitsi, syndrome ya Wernicke - Korsakoff, umutima utera bidasanzwe, kutagira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, cirrhose y'umwijima no kongera kanseri. [4] [5] [18] Kunywa mugihe utwite bishobora kuviramo indwara ya alcool idasanzwe. Muri rusange abagore bumva cyane kurusha abagabo ingaruka mbi ziterwa n'inzoga, cyane cyane bitewe n'uburemere buke bw'umubiri, ubushobozi buke bwo guhinduranya inzoga, hamwe n'amavuta menshi yo mu mubiri. Mu mubare muto wabantu, kunywa inzoga igihe kirekire, bikabije bitera ubumuga bwo kutamenya no guta umutwe.
Ibidukikije hamwe n’irondakoko ni ibintu bibiri bishobora guteza ibyago by’ubusinzi, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibyago biterwa na buri. Guhangayika hamwe n’imivurungano bifitanye isano, harimo no guhangayika, ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu iterambere ry’ubusinzi kuko kunywa inzoga bishobora kugabanya dysphoriya by'agateganyo. Umuntu ufite umubyeyi cyangwa umuvandimwe ufite ikibazo cyo kunywa inzoga afite amahirwe menshi yo kwikuramo inzoga inshuro eshatu cyangwa enye, ariko bake muri bo ni bo babikora. Mu bidukikije harimo imibereho, umuco n’imyitwarire. Urwego rwo hejuru rwo guhangayika no guhangayika, hamwe n’igiciro cya alcool gihenze kandi byoroshye kuboneka, byongera ibyago. [4] Abantu barashobora gukomeza kunywa igice kugirango birinde cyangwa batezimbere ibimenyetso byo kwikuramo. Iyo umuntu ahagaritse kunywa inzoga, ashobora kugira ikibazo cyo kwikuramo kumara amezi. Mu buvuzi, ubusinzi bufatwa nk'indwara z'umubiri no mu mutwe. [21] Ibibazo bikunze gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane ubusinzi bushoboka. [4] Andi makuru arakusanywa kugirango hemezwe ko hasuzumwe.
Kwirinda ubusinzi birashobora kugerageza kugabanya uburambe bwo guhangayika no guhangayika kubantu. [4] Irashobora kugerageza kugenzura no kugabanya kugurisha inzoga (cyane cyane kubana bato), gusoresha inzoga kugirango zongere igiciro cyayo, no gutanga uburezi no kwivuza.
Kuvura ubusinzi birashobora gufata uburyo butandukanye. Kubera ibibazo byubuvuzi bishobora kubaho mugihe cyo kubikuramo, guhagarika inzoga bigomba kugenzurwa neza. Uburyo bumwe busanzwe bukubiyemo gukoresha imiti ya benzodiazepine, nka diazepam. Ibi birashobora gufatwa mugihe byemewe mubigo nderabuzima cyangwa umuntu ku giti cye. Imiti acamprosate cyangwa disulfiram irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gufasha kwirinda kunywa inzoga. Indwara zo mu mutwe cyangwa izindi ngeso zirashobora kugorana kuvura. Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa mu matsinda cyangwa amatsinda yo gushyigikira bikoreshwa mu kugerageza kubuza umuntu gusubira mu businzi. [8] Itsinda rimwe rishyigikira ni Inzoga Zitazwi.
Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryagereranije ko kugeza mu 2016, ku isi hose hari abantu miliyoni 380 bafite ubusinzi (5.1% by'abaturage barengeje imyaka 15). [11] Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015 muri Amerika, abagera kuri miliyoni 17 (7%) bakuze na miliyoni 0.7 (2.8%) z'abo bafite hagati y’imyaka 12 na 17. Ubusinzi bukunze kugaragara cyane mu bagabo no mu rubyiruko. Mu rwego rw'isi, ntibisanzwe muri Afurika (1,1% by'abaturage) kandi bifite umubare munini mu Burayi bw'i Burasirazuba (11%). Ubusinzi mu buryo butaziguye hapfa abantu 139.000 mu 2013, aho bapfuye 112.000 mu 1990. [28] Abantu miliyoni 3.3 bapfuye (5.9% by'impfu zose) bemeza ko bazize inzoga. Ubusinzi bugabanya igihe cyo kubaho k'umuntu imyaka igera ku icumi. Amagambo menshi, ibitutsi bimwe nibindi bitemewe, byakoreshejwe kwerekeza kubantu bahuye nubusinzi; imvugo irimo impanuro, umusinzi, dipsomaniac na souse. [30] Mu 1979, Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ryabujije ikoreshwa ry'ubusinzi kubera ubusobanuro bwaryo budasobanutse, rihitamo syndrome de alcool.