Optophone
Optophone nigikoresho, gikoreshwa nabantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, gisikana inyandiko kandi kigatanga ibihe bitandukanye byerekana amajwi kugirango bamenye inyuguti. Nibimwe mubikorwa byambere bizwi bya sonification . Dr. Edmund Fournier d'Albe wo muri kaminuza ya Birmingham yahimbye optophone mu 1913, [1] yakoresheje amafoto ya seleniyumu kugira ngo amenye icapiro ry'umukara kandi ayihindure umusaruro wumvikana ushobora gusobanurwa n'impumyi. Isosiyete ya Glasgow, Barr na Stroud, yagize uruhare mu kunoza imiterere n’imikoreshereze yicyo gikoresho. [2]
Gusa ibice bike byubatswe kandi gusoma byabanje gutinda cyane; imyiyerekano mu imurikagurisha ryo mu 1918 yarimo Mary Jameson asoma ijambo rimwe kumunota. [3] Nyuma moderi ya Optophone yemereye umuvuduko wamagambo agera kuri 60 kumunota, nubwo amasomo amwe gusa ashobora kugera kuri iki gipimo. [4]
Reba kandi hindura
Ishakiro hindura
- ↑ https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frspa.1914.0061
- ↑ d'Albe, E. E. Fournier (October 1920), "The Type-Reading Optophone" (PDF), Scientific American: 109–110, archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-26, retrieved 2011-12-01
- ↑ Jameson, M. (1966), "The Optophone: Its Beginning and Development" (PDF), Bulletin of Prosthetics Research: 25–28, archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-01-30, retrieved 2024-01-28
- ↑ Fish, R.M. (1976), "An audio display for the blind", IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, IEEE, 23 (2): 144–154, doi:10.1109/tbme.1976.324576, PMID 1248840