Impuruza ku modoka, inkwi n’inganda zangiza ikirere mu Rwanda

Abashakashatsi mu by’ubumenyi bw’ikirere bakomeje gutanga impuruza ko ingamba zigamije kukirinda guhumana zakazwa, cyane cyane imodoka zisohora imyuka icyangiza, ikoreshwa ry’inkwi n’amakara mu gucana cyo kimwe n’imyotsi ituruka mu nganda bigakumirwa.

Imodoka zisohora imyotsi ihumanya ikirere zirimo gucika mu Rwanda

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) ryasohoye amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge avuguruye agamije kurokora miliyoni z’abantu bahitanwa n’indwara ziterwa n’ihumana ry’ikirere.

Amabwiriza

Amabwiriza mashya yatangajwe mu mpera za Nzeri 2021, yaherukaga kuvugururwa mu 2005.

OMS yatangaje ko aya mavugurura yitezweho kugabanya impfu z’abantu barenga miliyoni zirindwi bahitanwa n’indwara zikomoka ku ihumana ry’ikirere buri mwaka.

Amabwiriza mashya ashyiraho cyangwa avugurura ingano y’imyuka ndetse n’utuvungukira duto duhumanya ikirere mu gihe cy’amasaha 24 ndetse no ku mwaka. Urugero ni utuvungukira duto cyane tuzwi nka particles (PM2.5) dusanzwe dutera indwara nyinshi harimo asima [Asthma] na kanseri y’ibihaha.

Ubusanzwe amabwiriza y’ubuziranenge ya 2005 yategekaga ingano y’utu tuvungukira ingana na mikorogarama (microgram) 10 kuri metero kibe mu gihe cy’umwaka, ubu yagabanutseho mikorogarama eshanu kuri metero kibe mu cyegeranyo cyo muri Nzeri 2021.

Iyi raporo yerekana kandi ko mu gihe ibihugu byakubahiriza aya mabwiriza mashya cyane cyane ku tuvungukira (PM2.5), byagabanya hafi 80% by’impfu zaterwaga natwo.

Amabwiriza mashya asaba inzego za Leta n’iz’abikorera gufatanya bakarinda ubuzima bw’abaturage babo bagabanya ibintu byose bihumanya ikirere.

Muri Kamena 2016 ni bwo hasohotse itegeko riha uburenganzira Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe kubungabunga Ibidukikije (REMA) kubungabunga imyuka yanduza ikirere no gushyiraho ingamba zo kwirinda.

Kurwanya Imodoka zihumanya ikirere

Ingamba

U Rwanda ruza mu bihugu bya mbere muri Afurika byapimye imyuka yanduza ikirere, rushyiraho amategeko y’ubuziranenge n’amabwiriza y’ibipimo. Ni rwo rwabaye urwa mbere muri Afurika mu gushyikiriza Loni intego zo kubungabunga ikirere, aho rwiyemeje kugabanya imyuka igihumanya ku kigero cya 38% mu 2030.

Zimwe mu ngamba rwihaye muri icyo cyerekezo harimo kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya ingufu, gukoresha inganda neza, gucunga imyanda, ubwikorezi ndetse n’ubuhinzi; bizatuma imyuka ihumanya ikirere igabanukaho toni miliyoni 4,6.

Ku wa 7 Nzeri 2021 ubwo u Rwanda rwizihizaga Umunsi mpuzamahanga w’Ikirere cyiza cy’Ubururu, rwagaragaje bimwe mu byashyizweho birimo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ikirere ihuriweho n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere; ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi, siporo yo ku cyumweru ikorwa imodoka zakumiriwe mu mihanda (Car Free Day), gusuzuma imyotsi iva mu binyabiziga bikoresha lisansi na mazutu, gushyiraho uduce twihariye tutageramo imodoka (Car Free Zone) ndetse n’ingamba zo kugabanya ikoreshwa ry’inkwi n’amakara bihumanya ikirere.