Imikino yokwiruka

Imikino yokwiruka ni itsinda ryimikino irimo kwiruka kwiruka, gusimbuka, guta, no kugenda . Ubwoko bwimikino ngororamubiri ikunze kugaragara ni kwiruka no gusiganwa, kwiruka kumuhanda, kwiruka kwambukiranya igihugu, no gusiganwa ku maguru .

Women 100m Four athletes

men 100m athletes

bisubizo by'ibirori byo gusiganwa bigenwa no kurangiza umwanya (cyangwa igihe, aho bipimye), mugihe gusimbuka no gutera byatsinzwe numukinnyi ugera kubipimo byo hejuru cyangwa kure cyane uhereye kubigerageza. Ubworoherane bwamarushanwa, no kubura ibikoresho bihenze, bituma siporo imwe mubwoko bwa siporo ikunze kugaragara kwisi. Imikino ngororamubiri ahanini ni siporo ku giti cye, usibye gusiganwa ku marushanwa n'amarushanwa ahuza ibikorwa by'abakinnyi ku manota y'amakipe, nka cross country.mikino ngororamubiri yateguwe kuva mu mikino Olempike ya kera kuva 776 mbere ya Yesu. Amategeko n'imiterere y'ibihe bigezweho muri siporo byasobanuwe mu Burayi bw'i Burengerazuba no muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru mu kinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, hanyuma bikwira mu bindi bice by'isi. Amateraniro menshi yo murwego rwo hejuru agezweho abera ayobowe na World Athletisme, urwego nyobozi ku isi ya siporo yimikino ngororamubiri, cyangwa abanyamuryango bayo ku mugabane wa federasiyo ndetse n’igihugu.

Inama yimikino ngororamubiri niyo nkingi yimikino Olempike . Inama mpuzamahanga ya mbere yimikino ngororamubiri ni Shampiyona yisi yimikino ngororamubiri, ikubiyemo gusiganwa ku maguru, kwiruka muri marato no kugenda n'amasiganwa. Andi marushanwa yo ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mikino ngororamubiri arimo Shampiyona y’imikino ngororamubiri ku isi ndetse na Shampiyona yisi ya Marathon . Abakinnyi bafite ubumuga bwumubiri barushanwe mu mikino Paralympike yo mu mpeshyi na Shampiyona y’imikino ngororamubiri .

Ijambo siporo ryakomotse ku kigereki cya kera ( athlētēs , "umurwanyi mumikino rusange") ( athlon , "igihembo") cyangwa ( athlos , "amarushanwa"). Ku ikubitiro, ijambo ryasobanuye amarushanwa ya siporo muri rusange - ni ukuvuga amarushanwa ya siporo ashingiye cyane cyane kubikorwa byumubiri byabantu. Mu kinyejana cya 19, ijambo siporo ryabonye ibisobanuro bigufi mu Burayi kandi biza gusobanura siporo irimo kwiruka mu marushanwa, kugenda, gusimbuka no guta. Ubu busobanuro bukomeje kugaragara mu Bwongereza no mu cyahoze ari Ingoma y'Ubwongereza . Amagambo ajyanye n'indimi z'ikidage na romance nayo afite ibisobanuro bisa.

Ahenshi muri Amerika ya ruguru, siporo ngororamubiri ni kimwe na siporo muri rusange, ikomeza gukoresha amateka y'iryo jambo. Ijambo "siporo ngororamubiri" rikoreshwa gake mu kwerekana siporo ngororamubiri muri kano karere. Umukino wo gusiganwa ku maguru urakunzwe, kandi ukoreshwa muri Amerika na Kanada mu kwerekana imikino ngororamubiri, harimo kugenda n'amasiganwa no kwiruka muri marato (nubwo kwiruka mu bihugu bisanzwe bifatwa nk'imikino itandukanye).

Amateka

Kera

women athletes

Amarushanwa y'imikino ngororamubiri mu kwiruka, kugenda, gusimbuka no guta biri mu bya kera cyane mu mikino yose kandi imizi yabyo ni amateka . Ibirori by'imikino ngororamubiri byerekanwe mu mva za kera zo mu Misiri i Saqqara, hamwe n'amashusho yo kwiruka mu iserukiramuco rya Heb Sed no gusimbuka hejuru kugaragara mu mva guhera mu 2250 mbere ya Yesu. Imikino ya Tailteann yari umunsi mukuru wa kera w’abaselite muri Irilande, washinzwe ahagana mu 1800 mbere ya Yesu, kandi inama yiminsi mirongo itatu yarimo kwiruka no gutera amabuye mumikino yabyo. Ibirori byumwimerere kandi byonyine mumikino olempike yambere muri 776 mbere ya Yesu byari ibirori byo kwiruka kuri stade bizwi nka stadion . Ibi nyuma byaragutse birimo gushiramo no gusimbuka ibyabaye muri pentathlon ya kera . Amarushanwa y'imikino ngororamubiri yabereye no mu yindi mikino ya Panhellenic, yashinzwe nyuma ya 500 mbere ya Yesu.