Ubuzima bw’ibidukikije bugamije guteza imbere no kugira ibidukikije bisukuye, byizewe kandi biboneye mu miturire, hagamijwe guteza imbere ubuzima bwiza bw’abaturage, n’ubukungu mu nzego zose z’abaturage.
Bugizwe n’umubare runaka w’ibikorwa byuzuzanya, harimo kubaka no kwita ku bikorwaremezo bijyanye n’ubizima, itangwa rya za serivisi, uburezi bushingiye kuri Leta, ibikorwa rusange n’iby’umuntu ku giti cye, amabwiriza n’amategeko.
Intego y’Icyitegererezo 2020 ni ukugira ubuzima bwiza mu mujyi no mu cyaro – nta bintu byanduza, no gukorera isuku ibishanga byose hagamijwe kugabanya cyane cyane ibintu bibamo bitera malariya. Kuri buri mujyi cyangwa buri hantu h’iterambere kugira agashami gashinzwe gutunganya no gushyingura imyanda ikomeye, no mu ngo, guteza imbere ubukangurambaga no gushyira mu bikorwa, ingamba z’ibanze z’izuku n’iz’imitunganyirize y’ahantu n’iy’ibintu.
Ubushakashatsi mu 2006 bwerekanye ko 19 ku ijana by’ingo zo mu mujyi zakoreshaga amazi y’amariba naho ko 12 ku ijana zavomaga amazi mu mavomero ya Leta adatwikiriye.[1][2][3][4]
Mu byaro, igenamigambi ry’iterambere ry’Uturere ririmo gushimangira ko buri rugo (100 ku ijana) rugomba kuba rufite ikimpoteri gikozwe neza mu mwaka w’i 2012..[5][6][7]
Umujyi wa Kigali nta genamigambi ngenderwaho y’iterambere ifite bityo hakaba hari akajagari mu iterambere ry’imiterere y’umujyi. Ahantu hakorerwa ubucuruzi, ahantu h’imiturire ho mu rwego rwo hasi, uruciriritse cyangwa urwo hejuru, hose hahindutse insisiro zitari mu igenamigambi.
Kuri izo mpamvu, ibibazo by’ibidukikije n’iby’ubuzima nk’imyanda ikomeye, gutwara imisarani, amazi mabi n’imyanda yoroshye byo mu nganda byahindutse ikibazo.
Abayobozi b’umujyi wa Kigali, mu bufatanye by’inzego zikorera ku giti cyazo, bakoze uko bashoboye kugira ngo batoragure imyanda ikomeye (solid waste) bahereye aho ituruka bashaka gukiza Kigali imyanda ikomeye.
Ariko, haracyari ibangamirwa ry’ahantu imyanda yo mumusarani n’iyindi myanda ikomeye ijyanwa amaherezo. Aho ijyanwa hameze nabi kuri ubu, hakaba hanafite imbogamizi zikomeye ku buzima bw’abantu n’ubw’ibidukikije.
Kuri ubu, Umujyi ufite ikimpoteri cyuzuye i Nyanza mu Karere ka Kicukiro, hakaba harimo kwikorwa ubushakashatsi bwo guhitamo ahantu ho gutaba imyanda hajyanye n’ibisabwa n’inzego za tekiniki.[8][9][10]
Umujyi wa Kigali ntigira inyubako nkuru yo gutunganya amazi, cyangwa uburyo bwa za ruhurura. Ntihigeze habaho politike yerekeranye n’imitunganyirize y’ahantu n’iy’ibintu nyayo mu bihe byashize – abantu ku giti cyabo ni bo biyemeza gushyiraho uburyo bakoresha hakurikijwe amikoro.
Ibigega boherezamo imyanda n’amazi mabi yo akamanukira mu byobo biyanyunyuza ni bwo buryo bwa tekinoloji abakire bo mu mujyi bakoresha kurushaho, mu gihe abatabishoboye biyambaza bya byobo birebire gakondo bikoreshwa mu kubaka imisarane n’ubwo bigira ingaruka ku mutungo w’amazi yo mu butaka cyane cyane ahantu h’umujyi.
Amazi mabi y’ibigo bihambaye nk’amashuri, amahoteri, za gereza n’ibitaro ajugunywa iminsi yose muri za ruhurura mu byobo, hanze mu bisambu byo mu mujyi nta kuyatunganya no kuyavangura, ndetse no mu gishanga cya Nyabugogo.
Imikorere ikunze kuboneka ni ugushishikariza abubatsi gushyiraho uburyo bw’imitunganyirize y’ahantu n’iy’ibintu hagati y’amacumbi bubaka. Urugero rw’iyo mikorere rushobora kuboneka ahantu habiri mu mujyi wa Kigali: Viziyo 2020 i Gaculiro mu Karere ka Gasabo ifite uruganda rutuganya imyanda na Nyarutarama (Estate), muri ako Karere na none, ifite ibizenga byo gucubya imyanda.
Nyamara, inyinshi muri iyi mikorere mishyashya y’ibigo ni ijyanye n’ikoreshwa rya za mashini, bityo ikaba ishobora guzahinduka inkomoko y’ibibazo mu gihe kizaza niba nta gisubizo kirambye kibonetse.[11][12][13][14]
Nanone, umushinga w’igenamigambi ngenderwaho werekeranye n’imitunganyirize y’ahantu wagejejwe ku mpuguke muri za tekinoloji zo gucunga neza itunganywa ry’ahantu n’ibintu. Uwo mushinga uzi neza ko imiterere nyaburanga ya Kigali itazatuma hashyirwaho uburyo bumwe bwihariye bukusanya amashami ya za ruhurua z’umujyi.
Ku rwego rw’igihugu, igenamigambi ngenderwaho ryo gukoresha ubutaka no kububyaza umusaruro ririmo gukorwa riyobowe na MINIRENA. Ariko n’izindi minisiteri na zo zatangiye gukora amagenamigambi ngenderwaho azireba muri urwo rwego mbere y’uko igenamigambi ngenderwaho ry’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka no kububyaza umusaruro rirangira. Igenamigambi ngenderwaho ryo kuhira kimwe n’igenamigambi ngenderwaho ry’imikoreshereze y’ubutaka n’igenamigambi ry’ubuhinzi ni zimwe mu ngero.
Hari ubushyamirane mu nzego z’ubuyobozi ku birebana n’inshingano zijyanye n’ubuzima bw'ibidukikije n'imitunganyirize y’ahantu n’iy’ibintu. Ubuzima bw’ ibidukikije ni inshingano ya Minisiteri y’ubuzima (MINISANTE) n’ubwo uburyo bwo kuyishyira mu bikorwa bushyirwaho hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya REMA.
Amazi mabi no gucunga neza imyanda ikomeye bitunganywa na za Guverinoma zaguye, kandi uruhare rwa Minisiteri y’ibidukikije (MINIRENA) mu kubaka ibigo by’ubuzima hanze y’Umujyi wa Kigali ruragaragara.[15][16][17][18][19]
