Wikipedia

Gusuzuma ingaruka ku bidukikije (Environmental impact assessment)

Isuzuma ry'ingaruka ku bidukikije ( EIA ) ni ugusuzuma ingaruka z’ibidukikije kuri gahunda, politiki, gahunda, cyangwa imishinga ifatika mbere yicyemezo cyo gutera imbere hamwe nigikorwa cyateganijwe. Ni muri urwo rwego, ijambo "gusuzuma ingaruka ku bidukikije" rikoreshwa mu gihe rikoreshwa ku mishinga ifatika abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa amasosiyete kandi ijambo " gusuzuma ibidukikije " (SEA) rikoreshwa kuri politiki, gahunda na gahunda bikunze gutangwa n'inzego z'igihugu. [1] [2] Nigikoresho cyo gucunga ibidukikije bigize igice cyo kwemeza umushinga no gufata ibyemezo. [3] Isuzuma ry’ibidukikije rishobora kugengwa n’amategeko agenga imiyoborere yerekeye uruhare rw’abaturage n’inyandiko zifata ibyemezo, kandi birashobora gusuzumwa n’ubucamanza

Intego y'isuzuma ni ukureba niba abafata ibyemezo batekereza ku ngaruka z’ibidukikije mugihe bahisemo niba batazakomeza umushinga. Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rishinzwe gusuzuma ingaruka (IAIA) risobanura isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku bidukikije nk "inzira yo kumenya, guhanura, gusuzuma no kugabanya ingaruka zishingiye ku binyabuzima, imibereho, n’izindi ngaruka z’ibyifuzo by’iterambere mbere y’ibyemezo bikomeye bifatwa ndetse n’imihigo ifatwa". [4] EIAs idasanzwe kubera ko idasaba kubahiriza ibisubizo byateganijwe mbere y’ibidukikije, ahubwo isaba abafata ibyemezo kuzirikana indangagaciro z’ibidukikije mu byemezo byabo no kwemeza ibyo byemezo hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi burambuye bw’ibidukikije ndetse n’ibitekerezo byatanzwe ku ngaruka zishobora guterwa n’ibidukikije. [5]

Amateka

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Isuzuma ry’ingaruka ku bidukikije ryatangiye mu myaka ya za 1960, mu rwego rwo kongera ubumenyi ku bidukikije . [6] EIA yiteguye kugereranya ingaruka ziterambere ryateganijwe cyangwa umushinga wubwubatsi. EIA itanga isuzuma rya tekiniki rigamije gutanga umusanzu mu gufata ibyemezo bifatika. Muri Amerika, EIA yabonye ubuzima gatozi mu 1969, hashyirwaho itegeko ry’igihugu ry’ibidukikije (NEPA). [7]EIAs yakoreshejwe cyane kwisi yose. Umubare w’isuzuma ry’ibidukikije utangwa buri mwaka "warenze cyane umubare w’ingaruka zikomeye z’ingaruka ku bidukikije (EIS)." y’ibidukikije ni "Icyemezo cy’ingaruka ku bidukikije (EIS) cyagenewe gutanga amakuru ahagije kugira ngo iki kigo gihitemo niba hategurwa ibisobanuro by’ingaruka ku bidukikije (EIS).[8]

Referances

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  1. ↑ MacKinnon, A. J., Duinker, P. N., Walker, T. R. (2018). The Application of Science in Environmental Impact Assessment. Routledge.
  2. ↑ Eccleston, Charles H. (2011). Environmental Impact Assessment: A Guide to Best Professional Practices. Chapter 5. (ISBN 978-1439828731)
  3. ↑ Caves, R. W. (2004). Encyclopedia of the City. Routledge. p. 227.
  4. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20120507084339/http://www.iaia.org/publicdocuments/special-publications/Principles%20of%20IA_web.pdf
  5. ↑ Holder, J., (2004), Environmental Assessment: The Regulation of Decision Making, Oxford University Press, New York; For a comparative discussion of the elements of various domestic EIA systems, see Christopher Wood Environmental Impact Assessment: A Comparative Review (2 ed, Prentice Hall, Harlow, 2002).
  6. ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/
  7. ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/
  8. ↑ http://www.environment.gov.au/epbc/
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