Biogeochemistry
Biogeochemie ni disipuline yubumenyi ikubiyemo ubushakashatsi bwibikorwa bya chimique, physique, geologiya, na biologique hamwe nibisubizo bigenga imiterere yibidukikije (harimo ibinyabuzima, urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, hydrose, pedosiporo, ikirere, na lithosifike ). By'umwihariko, biogeochemie ni ubushakashatsi bwibizunguruka bya biogeochemiki, inzinguzingo yibintu bya shimi nka karubone na azote, hamwe n’imikoranire yabyo no kwinjizwa mu binyabuzima bitwarwa na sisitemu y’ibinyabuzima mu kirere no mu gihe. Umurima wibanda kumuzunguruko wimiti itwarwa cyangwa igira ingaruka kubikorwa byibinyabuzima. Byibanze cyane ku bushakashatsi bwa karubone, azote, sulfure, fer, na fosifore . Biogeochemie ni sisitemu siyanse ifitanye isano rya hafi na sisitemu y'ibidukikije .
Amateka hindura
Ikigereki cya mbere hindura
Abagereki ba mbere bashizeho igitekerezo cyibanze cya biogeochemie ko kamere igizwe nizunguruka. [1]
Ikinyejana cya 18-19 hindura
Inyungu zubuhinzi muri chimie yubutaka bwo mu kinyejana cya 18 byatumye dusobanukirwa neza intungamubiri nisano bifitanye na biohimiki. Iyi sano iri hagati yizunguruka yubuzima kama nibicuruzwa byabo bya shimi byarushijeho kwagurwa na Dumas na Boussingault mumpapuro 1844 ifatwa nkintambwe ikomeye mugutezimbere biogeochemie. [2] [3] [4] Jean-Baptiste Lamarck yakoresheje bwa mbere ijambo ibinyabuzima mu 1802, abandi bakomeza guteza imbere icyo gitekerezo mu kinyejana cya 19. [3] Ubushakashatsi bwambere bwikirere bwakozwe nabahanga nka Charles Lyell, John Tyndall, na Joseph Fourier bwatangiye guhuza ibibarafu, ikirere nikirere. [5]