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Umurongo 1:
Pariki ya Gishwati iherereye hagati yakarere ka nyabihu na ngororero, iri shyamba ribitse inyamanswa nyishi ndetse n inyoni ziguruka , hamwe ningagi nkeya {{Infobox protected area|name=Gishwati Forest Reserve|location=[[Rwanda]]|world_heritage_site=|governing_body=|visitation_year=|visitation_num=|established=|area=|coordinates=|nearest_city=|relief=|alt_name=|map_width=|map_caption=Location within [[Rwanda]]|map_alt=|map=Rwanda|photo_width=|photo_caption=The Hills of Gishwati, 2004|photo_alt=|photo=Collines de Gishwati 3.JPG|url=}}'''Ishyamba rya Gishwati''' ni ishyamba ririnzwe kandi ryitaweho mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]], hafi [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y'ikiyaga cya Kivu]] . aya mashyamba yatangiye kwitambwaho kuva mumwaka 1978, kandi amashyamba menshi yabayeho kuva muwa 1986. gaye gusa agace gato kazengurutse amashyamba kavukire, 1,500 acres (6.1 km yishyamba ryumwimerere 250.000. Uretse igihombo ukomeye wa rw'ibinyabuzima, ku karere bimwe biboneka isuri no kwangirika no n'inkangu . Ibikorwa byo gutera amashyamba mumyaka mike ishize byongereye amashyamba kavukire asigaye kuri 2,500 acres (10 km . Inzu nini yicyayi ifata ibice byo hagati n’amajyaruguru ya reuge.
[[File:Nyungw.jpg|thumb|250px|<font color="grey">Pariki ya Nyungwe</font>]]
 
Ishyamba rya Gishwati ryahoze ari igice kimwe muri gahunda igoye y’amashyamba yimvura anyuze hagati ya Afrika. Yakundaga kwerekera iburengerazuba hakurya [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y'Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] ihuza amashyamba y'imvura yo muri Kongo, n'amajyepfo igahuza [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] . Izi gahunda z’amashyamba zacitsemo ibice kubera ubwiyongere bw’abaturage no gutema amashyamba. [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda]] ryateje ikibazo aho impunzi zahunze kandi abaturage bariyongera uko abantu bavanywe mu byabo; icyakora ako gace kari karahuye n’imyaka yo guteshwa agaciro mbere ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu Rwanda. Aka gace karangiritse kubera ubworozi bw'inka n'ubuhinzi kugeza igihe butatanga umusaruro. Isuri, inkangu, kugabanuka kw'amazi, n'uburumbuke bw'ubutaka byari byaturutse ku iyangirika ry'ubutaka.
 
Gahunda yo kubungabunga akarere ka Gishwati (GACP) yatangiye mu 2007 ku bufatanye na perezida w’u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]], na Great Ape Trust, yashinzwe n’umugiraneza Ted Townsend. Iyi gahunda yatangiranye igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho parike y’igihugu yo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] mu rwego rwo kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu ishyamba rya Gishwati no guhagarika kwangirika vuba. Mu 1930 Ishyamba rya Gishwati ryatwaye hegitari 70.000 ariko ryatakaje hafi 90 ku ijana by'igifuniko cyaryo, iki gikorwa cyari kigamije kugarura igihombo gikomeye ako gace kamaze kubona mu myaka icumi ishize bityo ikibanza kikaba Ishyamba ry'amizero. Mu mwaka wa 2011, GACP yasimbuwe n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta w’u Rwanda uzwi ku izina ry’ishyamba ry’amashyamba, kuri ubu ucunga amashyamba ya Gishwati (GFR).
[[File:Canope transport.jpg|300px|Canope transport]]
 
Kuva ishyamba ry'amizero ryabaho habayeho kwiyongera kwa 67 ku ijana by'ubunini bw'ishyamba rya Gishwati. Abaturage ba chimpanzee baho bariyongereye kandi ibikorwa byinshi byubushakashatsi no kubungabunga ibidukikije byakoreshejwe muri reuge. Gahunda yo kubungabunga akarere ka Gishwati yatangiriye ku cyizere cy'uko mu nzira guverinoma y'u Rwanda izafata ako gace ikayigira parike y'igihugu. Bimwe mubikorwa bya leta no gutangaza amakuru byerekana ko GFR izamurwa muri parike yigihugu mugihe cya vuba.
'''Pariki ya Nyungwe''' cyangwa '''Pariki Nasiyonali ya Nyungwe''' ni ishyamba cyimeza riri mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’u [[Rwanda]] kandi riri hejuru y’inkombe z’ikiyaga cya Kivu. Iryo shyamba rifatanye na Pariki Nasiyonali ya Kibira yo mu gihugu cy’u Burundi kandi rishobora kuba ari ryo shyamba ry’inzitane ryo mu misozi minini kandi miremire muri Afurika yose ; ryari rifite ubuso bwa km² 924 mu mwaka w’i 2000. Iryo shyamba riri mu misozi ifite m 1600 na m 2950 kandi ririmo amoko menshi y’ibimera abana n’amoko anyuranye y’inyamaswa ; agizwe ahanini n’inyoni n’ingunge. Ishyamba cyimeza rya Nyungwe ni kimwe mu bigega by’amazi y’u Rwanda: ritanga hafi 60% by’amazi y’u Rwanda. Ikindi kandi isoko ry’uruzi rwa Nili iri muri iryo shyamba.
ishyamba rya gishwati 1986 kugeza muwa 2001
Kubera gutema amashyamba ya Gishwati, gutakaza cyane ibinyabuzima byatumye. Fauna yonyine yagabanutseho 99.7%. Ibimera bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwabaturage kavukire nabyo byagabanutse cyane. Imbuto zo mu gasozi zagabanutseho 93.3%, imboga zo mu gasozi zagabanutseho 99,6%, naho imiti yo mu gasozi ikoreshwa n’abaturage kavukire yagabanutseho 79.9%.
 
Ishyamba ry’amashyamba ryanditseho amoko 58 y’ibiti n’ibiti, harimo ibiti byinshi by’imvukira n’imigano. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa ku bijyanye no gukwirakwiza karuboni y’ishyamba bwerekanye ko Macaranga kilimandscharica ari ubwoko bw’ibiti bikunze kugaragara mu bice by’ishyamba bitigeze bihungabana. Uturere twahungabanije amashyamba ahura nubuzima bushya byerekana ubukoloni bwa Carapa grandiflora, Entandrophagrama excelsum, na Symphonia globulifera . Ibindi bimera byabigenewe birimo ibiti binini byimeza nubururu bwubururu.
[[File:Smit.Cercopithecus L'Hoesti.jpg|thumb|left|100px|<font color="grey">Icyondi</font>]]
 
Ubwoko butandukanye bwibinyabuzima bushobora kuboneka mubigega. Haboneka amoko ane ya primates, [[Impundu|Chimpanzee y'Iburasirazuba]] (Pan troglodytes schweinfurtii), inkende ya zahabu, [[Inkima|inkende y'ubururu]], [[Icyondi|n'inguge ya L'Hoest]] (izwi kandi ku nguge yo ku misozi). Nubwo atari guhera 2002, ubwoko bwa gatanu bwibinyabuzima, colobus yumukara numweru byavuzwe ko yabonetse. Muri iki gihe habarurwa amashyamba 20 yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Ubu ni ubwiyongere bwa 54% mubunini bwabaturage kuva kuri chimps 13 muri 2008, igihe GACP yatangiraga. Harimo impinja eshanu. Ikigereranyo cy'ubucucike bw'ibyari bya chimpanzee wasangaga 1.473 kuri km2 na Dr. Plumptree. Izindi nyamaswa z’inyamabere zirimo inzuzi zitukura ( Potamochoerus porcus ), duiker yimbere yumukara (Cephalophus nigrifrons ), hyrax yo mu majyepfo ( Dendrohyrax arboreus ), serval ( Felis serval ), na Felis aurata .
Amakuru dukesha RDB avuga ko iyi Pariki ya Nyungwe ifite ubuso bungana na [[kilometerokare]] hafi 1000, mu misozi y’agahebuzo yo mu majyepfo y’u [[Rwanda]], Pariki ya Nyungwe ni ishyamba rirusha ayandi ubugari mu mashyamba yo mu misozi mu karere ka [[Afurika]] y’Iburasirazuba no hagati; akaba ari nayo yabayeho mbere y’izindi yahereye mu gihe cyiswe icy’[[Ubutita]] (''Période Glacière''). Ni igice gikize mu runyurane, rw’[[ibimera]], ishyamba rigizwe n’amoko arenga 200 y’ibiti, n’urwunge rw’ibiti by’indabyo harimo n’igiti cy’inganzamarumbo lobelia n’izindi zitatse amabara menshi.
 
Fauna Ibindi basanga ni amoko 84 ya inyoni, harimo Woodhoopoes ( Phoeniculidae ), White-headed Woodhoopoe ( Phoeniculus bollei ), Old World Warblers ( Sylviidae ), na Mountain Yellow Warbler ( Iduna similis ). Igikeri cyamashyamba yijimye hamwe nubwoko bwinshi bwamasaro ni bumwe mubuzima bwa amphibian buboneka mwishyamba. Ku bijyanye n’ibikururuka, inzoka nini zo mu biyaga binini n’amoko menshi ya chameleone nayo iboneka mu ishyamba rya Gishwati.
[[File:Eastgreyplaintaineater.jpg|thumb|right|100px|<font color="grey"></font>]]
 
Itsinda rito ryitaruye rya chimpanzees yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba rituye mu ishyamba rya Gishwati, ahantu hashobora kuba uburiri bwikizamini kuburyo bushya bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2008 abaturage bari baragabanutse kugera ku banyamuryango cumi na batatu kandi bari hafi kurimbuka. Hagati ya 2008 na 2011 abaturage biyongereyeho mirongo ine na batandatu ku ijana bagera ku banyamuryango cumi n'icyenda ku bw'imbaraga za guverinoma y'u Rwanda na gahunda yo kubungabunga akarere ka Gishwati . Imbaraga nkizashyizweho kugirango zifashe inguge nini za Gishwati zirashobora kugira uruhare runini mu gufasha inguge nini kwisi. Ishyamba rya Gishwati nubuzima bwibihumbi magana byabanyarwanda batuye hafi ya Gishwati. Ishyamba rifasha kubungabunga uburumbuke bwubutaka kandi bikarinda kwangirika. Mu bihe biri imbere irashobora guha ubukungu bwu Rwanda inyungu ziva mu bidukikije binyuze mu binyabuzima biboneka muri ako karere.
Umubare w’abanyarwanda basura Pariki ya Nyungwe ngo uragenda wiyongera, ibi ngo bikaba biterwa n’uko muri Pariki ya Nyungwe hubatswe urutindo rwo mu kirere, aho ugenda witegeye ishyamba ryose. Ibyo byatangajwe n’Umuyobozi bwa Pariki ya Nyungwe, wanasabye abanyamakuru gufata iya mbere mu gusura iyi Pariki kugira ngo babashe gutangaza ibyiza bitatse u Rwanda, nabo ubwabo babisobanukiwe.
 
RDG ivuga ko iri shyamba ricumbikiye inyoni z’agahebuzo mu Rwanda, Nyungwe irimo amoko agera kuri 300 y’[[inyoni]], muri yo amoko 24 aboneka mu mashyamba macye y’ikibaya [[Kigali]] cya Albertine. Inyoni z’akataraboneka ziri mu nyoni za Nyungwe, harimo ikinyoni kinini cy’Ubururu bita ''Turaco'', inyoni iteye ubwuzu z’ubururu, umutuku ndetse n’icyatsi zijwigira ziva mu giti zijya mu kindi nk’urugero rw’ibisiga bisa nk’ibishuhe.
 
[[File:Red-tailed monkey profile.jpg|thumb|left|100px|<font color="grey">Umukunga </font>]]
 
Iyo witegereje neza muri Pariki ya Nyungwe, ubona ko habonekamo amoko 13 y’[[inguge]] zibaho mu mutuzo muri iyi pariki yose. Izi nguge zibera muri iri shyamba; amwe moko agize izi nguge ashobora gusurwa na ba mukerarugendo, andi yo ntabwo asurwa. Izi nguge zikurura abakerarugendo benshi, kuko hari amwe muri aya moko y’inguge utasanga ahandi ku mugabane w’Afurika, uretse mu Rwanda. Uru rutonde twarusanze mu nzu y’ububiko bw’ubumenyi bwerekeye iyi Pariki ya Nyungwe, iherereye ku Uwinka.
 
[[File:Colobus angolensis.jpg|thumb|right|100px|<font color="grey">Inkomo</font>]]
 
Dore amwe mu moko y’[[inguge]] ziri muri Pariki ya Nyungwe: [[icyondi]] (''Cercopithecus lhoesti''), [[igihinyage]], [[inkomo]] (''Colobus angolensis ruwenzori''), [[inkima]] (''Cercopithecus mitis doggetti & kandti'' ), [[inyenzi]], [[impundu]] (''Pan troglodytes schweinfurtii'').
 
Muri iyi pariki ya Nyungwe kandi ushobora kuhabona andi moko y’inguge atandukanye arimo; [[Umukunga]] (''Cercopithecus ascanius schmidti''), [https://glosbe.com/rw/en/inkende inkende](''Cercopithecus aethiops''), [[igishabaga]] (''Cercopithecus albigena johnostonii''), [[Galago zo mu burasirazuba]], Galago ntoya n’inini ndetse n’Igitera.
 
Nyungwe irushaho kuba agahebuzo kubera inguge zayo. Muri rusange zirimo amoko 13, harimo n’izisa n’umuntu cyane bita impundu, tutibagiwe inguge y’ubwoko bw’ibyondi (''Cercopithecus lhoesti'') hamwe n’amagana y’ubushyo buteye ubwuzu z’[[inkomo]] (''Colobus angolensis ruwenzori'').
 
Uretse muri iyi pariki y'igihugu ya Nyungwe, [[inzovu]] zo muri pariki Nasiyonali y'Akagera zazanywe mu mwaka w' 1975 zivanywe mu Bugesera, icyo gihe zari zikiri nto, gusa muri izo nzovu twavugamo nka Mutware, Helico na Mwiza kuko ari zo zashoboye kumenyera ariko izindi ziguma ari inyamaswa z' ishyamba.
 
Ukinjira muri Parike ya Nyungwe usanganirwa n’umwuka mwiza uhehereye, akayaga gatuje gaherekejwe n’utujwi tw’inyoni n’impumuro nziza y’indabyo ziganje muri iyo Parike, wakebuka hiryo hino ugahuza amaso n’utunyamanswa twiza cyane duteye ubwuzu bityo ukumva wakomeza kwihera ijisho.
 
Mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe uhasanga amoko 1250 y’[[ibimera]] harimo amoko 50 y’[[ibishihe]], amoko 133 ya « Orchidées » indabo z’agahebuzo, amoko 275 y’[[inyoni]] (orchidées : indabo z’agahebuzo harimo amoko 24 gakondo
[[File:Igitera_at_Nyungwe_forest.jpg|thumb|Igitera muri Nyungwe forest]]
Twababwira ko iryo teme ryubatse muri metero 50 uvuye ku butaka, rikaba rireshya na metero 150. Ni ryo rya mbere rigeze muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba, rikaba ndetse irya 3 muri Afurika nzima nyuma ya [[Gana]] na [[Afurika y’Epfo]]. Iryo teme rifasha abasura pariko kuyireba bayihereye hejuru, ku buryo bifasha mu kureba amaso ku yandi utunyoni ndetse n’inkende biba muri iryo shyamba.
 
== Imiyoboro ==
{{Reflist}}
*[http://news.igihe.org/ubukerarugendo_news.php?groupid=2&news_cat_id=40&news_id=9291 Pariki ya Nyungwe igaragaramo amoko y’inguge (chimpanzees) agera kuri 13]
*[http://news.igihe.org/ubukerarugendo_news.php?groupid=2&news_cat_id=2&news_id=9182 Ibiti birindwi bitangaje biboneka muri Pariki ya Nyungwe]
*[http://www.igihe.com/news-2-2-8963.html Abanyarwanda baragenda bitabira gusura Pariki ya Nyungwe, bitewe n’urutindo rwo mu kirere (Canopy Walkway)]
*[http://www.orinfor.gov.rw/printmedia/news.php?type=rw&volumeid=137&cat=16&storyid=3855 Urutindo rwo mu kirere rukomeje gukurura ba mukerarugendo]
*[http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article56 Amapariki]
*[http://www.goldenmonkeyhotel.com/spip.php?rubrique10 Golden Monkey hotel]
 
[[Category:Rwanda]]
[[Category:Pariki Nasiyonali|Nyungwe]]
[[Category:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]]