Umuryango w'Ubukungu bw'Afurika y'Iburengerazuba

ECOWAS (mu icyongereza:Economic Community of West African States) ni ubumwe bwa politiki nubukungu bwakarere byibihugu cumi na bitanu biherereye muri Afrika yuburengerazuba. Hamwe na hamwe, ibi bihugu bigizwe n'ubuso bwa 5.114.162 km2 (1,974.589 sq mi), naho muri 2015 bikaba byari bifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 349.

Ufatwa nk'imwe mu nkingi z’amashyirahamwe y’umuryango w’ubukungu bw’ubukungu bw’umugabane wa Afurika (AEC), intego yavuzwe na ECOWAS ni ukugera ku "kwihaza hamwe" ku bihugu bigize uyu muryango hashyirwaho umuryango umwe w’ubucuruzi wubaka ubukungu bwuzuye kandi kandi ihuriro ry’abakozi. Ihuriro ryashinzwe ku ya 28 Gicurasi 1975, hasinywe amasezerano y’i Lagos, hamwe n’inshingano zayo zo guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’ubukungu mu karere kose. Ivugurura ry’amasezerano ryaremejwe kandi ryashyizweho umukono ku ya 24 Nyakanga 1993 i Cotonou.

ECOWAS ikora kandi nk'ingabo zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro mu karere, ibihugu bigize uyu muryango rimwe na rimwe byohereza ingabo z’ingabo zunze ubumwe kugira ngo zivange mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango mu gihe cy'imidugararo ya politiki n'imidugararo.

Ibihugu bigize Umuryango

Kuva muri Gashyantare 2017, ECOWAS ifite ibihugu 15 bigize uyu muryango; umunani muri bo bavuga Igifaransa, batanu bavuga Icyongereza, na babiri bavuga Igiporutugali. Muri Gicurasi 1975, abanyamuryango bose binjiye mu muryango nkabanyamuryango bashinze, usibye Cape Verde winjiye mu 1977

Uwahoze ari umunyamuryango wa ECOWAS ni Mauritania ivuga Icyarabu, na we akaba yari umwe mu banyamuryango bashinze mu 1975 maze ahitamo kuva mu Kuboza 2000. Muri Kanama 2017, Mauritania yashyize umukono ku masezerano mashya y’abanyamuryango

Marocyasabye ku mugaragaro kwinjira muri ECOWAS muri Gashyantare 2017. Icyifuzo cyemejwe mu nama y'abakuru b'ibihugu muri Kamena 2017, ariko icyifuzo cya Maroc cyo kuba umunyamuryango nticyahagaritswe.

Amateka

ECOWAS yashinzwe bwa mbere kuva muri kariya karere kahoze gakolonijwe n’Abafaransa, Abongereza na Porutugali, na Liberiya yigenga, nyuma y’ubwigenge bwa nyuma y’abakoloni mu karere kose (cyane cyane mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970). Yashinzwe kugirango itange ubufatanye mu bukungu mu karere, ariko kuva ubwo yagiye ihinduka ikubiyemo ubufatanye bwa politiki n’igisirikare, ndetse.

Ihuriro ryashinzwe ku ya 28 Gicurasi 1975, hasinywe amasezerano y’i Lagos, hamwe n’inshingano zayo zo guteza imbere ubufatanye bw’ubukungu mu karere kose. Ivugurura ry’amasezerano ryaremejwe kandi ryashyizweho umukono ku ya 24 Nyakanga 1993 i Cotonou.

Ufatwa nk'imwe mu nkingi z’umuryango w’umuryango w’ubukungu bw’ubukungu bw’umugabane wa Afurika (AEC), intego yavuzwe na ECOWAS ni ukugera ku "kwihaza hamwe" ku bihugu bigize uyu muryango hashyirwaho umuryango umwe w’ubucuruzi wubaka ubukungu bwuzuye kandi kandi ihuriro ry’abakozi.

ECOWAS ikora kandi nk'ingabo zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro mu karere, ibihugu bigize uyu muryango rimwe na rimwe byohereza ingabo z’ingabo zunze ubumwe kugira ngo zivange mu bihugu bigize uyu muryango mu gihe cy'imidugararo ya politiki n'imvururu. Mu myaka yashize, harimo no gutabara muri Coryte d'Ivoire mu 2003, Liberiya mu 2003, Gineya-Bissau muri 2012, Mali muri 2013, na Gambiya muri 2017.

ECOWAS, kuva mu myaka ya za 90, yitwikiriye akarere kahoze kitwa "umukandara wo guhirika ubutegetsi", yagerageje kurengera ihinduka ry’akarere muri demokarasi kurwanya ibitero by’igitugu. Icyakora, iryo tsinda ryavuzweho ibisubizo bidakomeye kandi bitagize icyo bitwara mu ntangiriro ya za 2020, igihe ibihugu bitatu bigize uyu muryango byagize ihirikwa ry’ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare - bibiri muri Burkinafaso, bibiri muri Mali, kimwe cyagerageje muri Nijeriya, ikindi muri Gineya.

Muri 2011, ECOWAS yemeye igishushanyo mbonera cy’iterambere mu myaka icumi iri imbere, Icyerekezo 2020, kandi, kugira ngo iherekeze, Politiki y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga (ECOPOST).